1. The Parliamentary Assembly refers to its previous resolutions on upholding the rule of law and the situation with regard to the judiciary in the member States of the Council of Europe, in particular Resolution 1685 (2009) “Allegations of politically motivated abuses of the criminal justice system in Council of Europe member States”, Resolution 2098 (2016) and Recommendation 2087 (2016) “Judicial corruption: urgent need to implement the Assembly’s proposals” and Resolution 2188 (2017) “New threats to the rule of law in Council of Europe member States: selected examples”.

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